PUTTING GOD ON TRIAL: The Biblical Book of Job

A literary, legal and philosophical study- Robert Sutherland.

 

     TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 PREFACE     

007

 

 1. INTRODUCTION

010

 

A Theodicy 

010

A Lawsuit Drama 

012

A Moral not an Aesthetic Resolution

014

An Interpretative Challenge

018

 

 2. “A NEW LOOK AT GENESIS"

020

 

Scene 1: Earth

020

A New Garden of Eden

020

A New Adam

020

A New Fall

030

 

Scene 2: Heaven

031

High Court of Heaven 

031

Satan

031

Trial by Ordeal

035

 

Scene 3: Earth

037

Hell on Earth

037

Job’s Response

038

 

Scene 4: Heaven

039

High Court of Heaven

039

God’s Confession

040

Satan

040

Hell on Earth

041

 

Scene 5: Earth

041

Hell on Earth

041

Job’s Response

042

 

 3. “THE TRUTH ABOUT GOD NO ONE WANTED TO HEAR” 

044

 

A Wasteland

044

Job’s Three Friends 

044

A Whirlwind of Righteous Indignation

044

Job’s Complaint

046

Job’s Road to the Oath of Innocence

048

   1. A Mediator

049

   2. “Though he slay me, yet will I trust him.”

051

   3. A witness or judge

054

   4. A redeemer or advocate

055

   5. “I shall be acquitted forever by my judge.”

058

Job’s Oath of Innocence

059

   1. Statement of Claim

060

   2. Proof of Claim

065

   3. Enforcement of Claim

073

Elihu

075

 

 4. “PUTTING GOD ON TRIAL” 

082

 

God’s Appearance in a Golden Whirlwind

082

God’s First Speech

085

   1. The physical world

085

   2. The animal world

087

   3. Purpose and providence

095

Job’s First Response

096

God’s Second Speech

097

   1. The mythological world: Behemoth- Leviathan

099

   2. Creating the dragon

102

   3. Capturing the dragon

110

   4. Eating the dragon at the Messianic Feast

114

   5. Explaining the dragon at the Symposium to follow

123

   6. Condemnation and justification

124

Job’s Second Response

126

   1. I understand your purpose.

127

   2. I despise premature judgment;
       I melt to my knees in worship.

128

   3. I change course.
       I am comforted in my vindication and delay any condemnation.

130

   4. In dust and ashes, I continue the lawsuit and

       adjourn the matter to the Day of the Final Judgment.

132

God’s Judgment on Job and his Friends

136

God’s Restoration of Job

139

 

 5. A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS 

141

 

1. Is morality dependant on special revelation?

143

2. Must God create the best?

144

3. Does God act for a reason?

146

4. Do human beings have a need to know the reason for evil?

147

5. Do human beings have a right to know?

148

6. Does God have a duty to give the answer?

148

7. Is selfless love a real good?

150

8. Is evil necessary to achieve that good?

150

9. Is the evil in the world sufficient to achieve that good?

151

10. Is there a Final Judgment?

154

 

 

 

 6. CONCLUSION

156

 

 

 

 7. APPENDICIES 

158

 

 

Appendix A: Babylonian Myth of Creation

158

1. Watery Chaos

158

2. The emergence of the high God Marduk

158

3. Marduk’s play

159

4. Tiamat’s conspiracy

159

5. The emergence of dragons

159

6. The fear of the gods

160

7. Marduk’s claim to supremacy

161

8. Marduk’s battle with Tiamat

163

9. Marduk’s defeat of Tiamat and Qingu

164

10: The creation of the World

166

11. The creation of Man

167

12: The kingdom of Marduk

168

 

Appendix B: Canaanite Myth of Re-creation

168

1. Yam’s challenge to Baal’s kingship

169

2. Baal’s battle with Yam

169

3. Anat’s battle with Yam

169

4. Baal’s battle with Mot

172

5. Anat’s battle with Mot

174

6. Baal’s final battle with Mot

176

 

 

 

 8. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 

178

 

 

 

 9. ENDNOTES 

184